learn more about diabetes, to prevent the body so as not affected by the disease

learn more about diabetes, to prevent the body so as not affected by the disease

some signs someone has diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic disease that can lead to many complications if not properly controlled. For that to know the characteristics of a person if exposed to diabetes. Diabetes is a disorder of glucose utilization that occurs in the body. Diabetes does not happen just like that. Before he was diagnosed with diabetes have normal phase, and finally increased to prediabetes and diabetes.

Here are some signs a person has diabetes:

Frequent urination

Urination will be frequent if it is too much glucose in the blood. If insulin is not there or less then the kidneys can not filter the blood glucose to return to. Then the kidneys will draw additional water from the blood to destroy glucose.

Often feel thirsty

Because of frequent urination, you will become more frequent thirst, because the difficult process of destruction of glucose in the blood is then sucked up the water to destroy it. So that a person needs to drink more to replace the water lost.

Lose weight fast

In patients with type 1 diabetes (genetic factors). Pancreas stops making insulin because the virus attacks the cells of the pancreas or autoimmune response. As a result the body is difficult to find an energy source because the cells do not get glucose to break down muscle tissue and fat for energy so the weight continues to shrink. In patients with type 2 diabetes (change in lifestyle factors), weight loss occurs gradually with increasing insulin resistance so weight loss is not so visible.

Feeling weak and tired

Because glucose production is hampered so that the cells from glucose foods that should be distributed to all body cells to make energy so it does not run. Because the cells do not have the energy intake so that people will feel tired.

Frequent tingling in the feet and hands

This symptom is called neuropathy. Occurs gradually due to high glucose in the blood and nervous system damage. People often do not realize that this is one sign. High blood sugar condition may have occurred several years before diagnosis. Nerve damage can spread undetected.

Other symptoms

There are also other symptoms that can appear as blurred vision, dry or itchy skin, frequent infections or cuts and bruises, which requires a prolonged period of healing is another sign of diabetes.

Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a condition in which the body can not regulate the content of sugar in the blood so glucose or sugar which is usually transported into the cells of the body as an energy source instead scattered in the bloodstream, and even go wasted in the urine. Regulation of blood sugar by the body is done with the help of the hormone insulin from the pancreas. 

Diabetes consists of two types:

Type 1:

Diabetes because the body does not produce insulin, so patients need daily insulin injections to control blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes occurs in children and adolescents and its development is rapid.

Type 2:

In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the body's cells do not respond normally. This type of diabetes is usually associated with obesity and some cases of pregnancy as well as a new outbreak of the age of 40 years.

High blood sugar levels will eventually cause damage to blood vessels and nerves that lead to impaired function of the eyes, kidneys and nerves as well as increase the risk of heart attack, stroke and impotence.

In type 2 diabetes, blood sugar control can be done through changes in lifestyle and diet. According to various studies, the changes are shown to effectively reduce the risk of diabetes. Therefore, it is very important for you to realize when diabetes already exists within you. Approximately 8.6% of Indonesia's population according to the WHO diabetes, unfortunately many do not realize until the case becomes chronic.

Someone said to suffer from diabetes when blood sugar levels above 126 mg / dl (fasting) or 200 mg / dl (not fasting). However, the most visible symptom of new diabetes when blood sugar is above 270 mg / dl. Do not rely on symptoms to determine the presence of diabetes. The only accurate way to find out is to test blood and urine.

Symptoms or signs of diabetes are common are:

Dehydration

Constant thirst

Increased frequency of urination

Fatigue

Weight loss

Impaired vision

Healing old wounds

Note:

Blood sugar concentration measurement is done by two methods, namely based on the weight (mg / dl) and the number of molecules (mol / ml). Conversion from mg / dl to mol / ml, is to break 18. For example, 200 mg / dl together with 11.1 mol / ml.

Controlling blood sugar levels is one key to avoiding disease for persons with diabetes, especially for patients who are elderly. According to studies, people with diabetes who are elderly and do not keep their blood sugar levels, are at higher risk decreased memory function and the ability to think.

In a study published in the journal Archives of Neurology, experts looked at more than 3,000 people without dementia, mean age 74 years, who were followed for more than 10 years.

At baseline, 23 percent of respondents suffer from diabetes. More than 2,300 participants did not have diabetes, while 159 participants developed diabetes during follow-up study.

People with diabetes at baseline had a lower score when thinking skills tests than participants without diabetes. During the study period, participants with diabetes showed a greater decline in mental function than those who do not have diabetes.

Dr. Kristine Yaffe, from University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Medical Center and colleagues present, this finding supports the theory that older persons with diabetes tend to decrease the function of thinking and memory skills. And, poor blood sugar control may be a risk factor.

The researchers say needs further study to determine whether early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes reduces the risk of mental decline. In addition, whether good blood sugar control can help reduce the effect of diabetes on the function of thinking and memory.

Researchers caution, though the findings show an association between diabetes and mental decline, but this does not demonstrate causality.

10 Myths About Diabetes

Diabetes is one of the primary disease. It is estimated more than 15 million people suffer from this disease in Indonesia, making Indonesia the fourth country in the world in the number of people with diabetes. Therefore, it is very important for you to understand it properly. Lots of information about diabetes that is not true or accurate. Most of misleading information it has even become a kind of myth circulating in the community. Here are 10 of them:

Diabetes is one of the primary disease. It is estimated more than 15 million people suffer from this disease in Indonesia, making Indonesia the fourth country in the world in the number of people with diabetes. Therefore, it is very important for you to understand it properly. Lots of information about diabetes that is not true or accurate. Most of misleading information it has even become a kind of myth circulating in the community. Here are 10 of them:

Myth # 1: Diabetes is not a serious disease

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality. Two out of three diabetics die from heart disease or stroke.

Myth # 2: Blood sugar slightly above normal harmless

Increased blood glucose levels continuously may cause damage to various organs, even though the increase is only a little. Excess sugar in the blood can damage blood vessels and cause atherosclerosis, thus increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Myth # 3: Diabetes occurs only in adults

This is only applicable for type 2 diabetes, once called "adult onset diabetes" because it is generally found in adults. But now more and more children and adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, especially those who are overweight. Type 1 diabetes is even starting in childhood, so-called "child-onset diabetes".

Myth # 4: Diabetes is caused by food / drinks are sweet

Type 1 diabetes is caused by unknown genetic factors and triggers, type 2 diabetes is caused by genetic and lifestyle factors. Type 1 diabetes is caused by damage to the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, which is not related to sugar consumption. A diet high in calories, whether from sugar or fat, can increase the weight, which in turn increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Myth # 5: All people with diabetes are overweight

Most people with type 2 diabetes are overweight, but not all. Other factors such as family history, age and lifestyle habits also play a role. Unfortunately, many people ignore the other risk factors and think that weight is the only risk factor. Many people who are overweight are not affected by diabetes and many diabetics who have normal weight. (To find out your risk of diabetes, please do the assessment yourself by filling out this questionnaire).

Myth # 6: People with diabetes should not eat / drink a sweet

If taken as part of a healthy diet plan, or combined with exercise, food / beverages may be consumed by sweet diabetics. However, although not a taboo, people with diabetes still need to restrict food / beverage is sweet. Carbohydrates in the food / beverage sweetened may increase blood glucose levels quickly. To maintain blood glucose, food or beverages should be consumed after a sweet low-carb diet.

Myth # 7: People with diabetes should eat special products

People with diabetes do not need special products such as the widely advertised in the media. Such products can even be harmful if consumed in excessive amounts because you consider it "safe". In addition, special products for diabetics is usually much more expensive than similar products in general.

Myth # 8: People with diabetes should follow a special diet

There is no special diet for diabetics. Diajurkan balanced diet for all people who are also recommended for diabetics. Diet in a balanced diet is composed of complex carbohydrates such as rice, yams, potatoes in sufficient quantities, a moderate amount of protein, fat (especially less saturated fat and trans fat) in small amounts, moderate salt and sugar, fruits and vegetables .

Myth # 9: Inject insulin should get a life

This is only applicable for type 1 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed when a new can keep their blood glucose at healthy levels with medication. But over time, their bodies gradually produce less insulin, and eventually the drugs may not be sufficient to maintain normal blood glucose levels. They often require insulin injections to control blood glucose levels to a healthy level. However, it is usually not constant. With a good diet and increased physical activity, metabolic status can often be improved to the point where insulin or medicine no longer needed to control blood sugar.

Myth # 10: Diabetes can not be cured

Type 1 diabetes should always get the insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas cells that produce insulin are destroyed by an autoimmune disorder. Once destroyed, the cells will never make insulin again. People with type 1 diabetes will always require insulin injections (to cure is found). However, in contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes can be cured. A consistent treatment, including lifestyle changes, can stabilize blood sugar levels in such a way that is always within the normal range. Gestational diabetes, another type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, will generally disappear on their own after childbirth.

Controlling Diabetes with Diet and implementing a healthy lifestyle

There is no cure for diabetes. Diabetes must be managed and controlled. Management of diabetes in three ways: drugs, insulin, diet.

Managing diabetes through diet means applying a balanced diet and limit in a controlled diet. This applies to all people with diabetes, regardless the type of diabetes. In some cases, a good diet is enough to control type 2 diabetes.

However, if you suffer from diabetes type 1 (insulin dependent diabetes), you need to balance food intake and insulin injections to achieve your best blood sugar levels. All people with type 1 diabetes must have insulin injections, but only a small proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes who require it.

In essence, there is no special diet for diabetes. Diabetics eat foods are foods that are eaten together with everyone. The recommended diet for diabetics following are also good for everyone. The difference is, this diet is much more important for diabetics, because without it any drugs to be ineffective:

1. Eat regularly

You can easily keep blood sugar levels under control if you eat regularly. If you get the insulin, a registered dietitian or doctor will explain the importance of balancing food with injections and gradually find your own way so that your food intake to produce energy. This may be difficult at first, but with good discipline you can do it. Generally, you should consume a large meal or snack every 3-4 hours and take medicines or injections to help control your sugar levels. If you work at night, you may need extra food or snacks.

2. Weight control

People with diabetes who are overweight are strongly encouraged to lose weight. You need to follow some simple guidelines to lose weight. (Remember that the only way to lose weight is to consume less food calories than you need for daily activities).

- Eat fewer servings

- Reduce consumption of fried and fatty foods

- Reduce snacks like chips and cookies, replace it with fruit or juice with no sugar

- Increase physical activity and sport

3. Eat the right carbohydrates

Digestible carbohydrates in the body to produce glucose, which gives you energy. There are two types of carbohydrates: sugars and starches.

Sugary foods such as soft drinks, candy, chocolate, sweet biscuits and puddings should be avoided due to very quickly cause a spike in blood glucose. You can choose food / sugar-sweetened beverages such as saccharin or aspartame artificial, but in the long term excessive use can be bad for health. Carbohydrates from flour such as rice, bread, potatoes, pasta, cereal and fruit more slowly absorbed by the body and is a good source of energy. You can consume it regularly throughout the day.

To measure how fast or slow carbohydrates increase blood glucose, experts use a measure called the glycemic index or GI. The lower the GI number, the smaller the smaller fluctuations in blood glucose and insulin levels are caused by consumption.

4. Maintain a balanced diet

A balanced diet allows you to control diabetes and ensure the effectiveness of your treatment. As a guide, your diet must meet the following criteria:

Two-fifths of your plate should consist of foods that contain carbohydrates, which should also be high in fiber.

Two-fifths of your plate should consist of vegetables or fruit.

One-fifth of your plate should contain protein sources, such as meat, fish, eggs, tempeh or tofu.

If you follow a balanced diet, you do not need vitamin or mineral supplements. Some experts argue that the lack of some elements such as chromium and selenium may accelerate diabetic complications. However, there is no way to measure the amount of their diet or their level in your blood. The best way to get them in your diet is to create a diversity of foods you eat.

A healthy diet means the right combination of good food and replace harmful foods with beneficial. If you are still worried or anxious about what you eat, ask the advice of your physician or dietitian.

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